Results


ASTRID Presentation Papers

The ASTRID simulation were presented in these four papers, please cite these papers together if you refer to the ASTRID simulation in your work.

1. The ASTRID simulation: galaxy formation and reionization

Bird, S.; Ni, Y.; Di Matteo, T.; Croft, R.; Feng, Y.; Chen, N.

2022MNRAS.512.3703B (Bird+2022)

2. The ASTRID simulation: the evolution of supermassive black holes at z > 3

Ni, Y.; Di Matteo, T.; Bird, S.; Croft, R.; Feng, Y.; Chen, N.; Byrohl, C.; Christiansen, J.

2022MNRAS.513..670N (Ni+2022)

3. The ASTRID simulation: different Evolution Pathways for Galaxy Quenching

Ni, Y.; Chen, N.; Anglés-Alcázar, D.; Bird, S.; Di Matteo, T.; Croft, R.

2025ApJ...990..120N (Ni+2024)

4. The ASTRID simulation: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure at z=0

Zhou, Y.; Di Matteo, T.; Ni, Y.; Bird, S.; Croft, R.

2026ApJ...999...41Z (Zhou+2026)

Publications using ASTRID

60. Tracing black hole and galaxy growth across environments since cosmic noon

authors: Weller, Emma Jane; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Burke, Colin J.; Dattathri, Shashank;

2026arXiv260707793W

59. Lyman-Alpha Forest and its Cross-Correlation with High-Redshift Galaxies in Effective Field Theory at the Field Level

authors: de Belsunce, Roger; Ivanov, Mikhail M.; Sullivan, James M.; Chen, Shi-Fan; Akitsu, Kazuyuki;

2026arXiv260626234D

58. Cosmology with One Galaxy: An Analytic Formula Relating Ω<SUB>m</SUB> with Galaxy Properties

authors: Liao, Kito; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Teyssier, Romain; de Santi, Natalí S. M.;

2026ApJ..1003..192L

57. Matter Clustering in Astrid: Reduced Baryonic Suppression from Realistic Black Hole Dynamics

authors: Yang, Yanhui; Bird, Simeon; Zhou, Yihao; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Croft, Rupert; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi;

2026arXiv260504176Y

56. The Galaxy Luminosity Functions in ASTRID: Predictions for LSST

authors: Hafezianzadeh, Fatemeh; Zhang, Tianqing; Rogozenski, Paul; Lachance, Patrick; Zhou, Yihao; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Croft, Rupert A. C.; Bird, Simeon; Mandelbaum, Rachel;

2026arXiv260513843H

55. Cosmological back-reaction of baryons on dark matter in the CAMELS simulations

authors: Gebhardt, Matthew; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Genel, Shy; Nagai, Daisuke; Oh, Boon Kiat; Medlock, Isabel; Mercedes-Feliz, Jonathan; Sutherland, Sagan; Lee, Max E.; Sims, Xavier; Lovell, Christopher C.; Spergel, David N.; Davé, Romeel; Schaller, Matthieu; Schaye, Joop; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2026MNRAS.547ag525G

54. First results of AMBRA: Abundant Seeds and Early Mergers as a Pathway to the First Massive Black Holes

authors: Zhou, Yihao; Bhowmick, Aklant Kumar; Di Matteo, Tiziana; LaChance, Patrick; Croft, Rupert; Blecha, Laura; Bird, Simeon; Torrey, Paul; Hernquist, Lars;

2026arXiv260401123Z

53. The ASTRID Simulation at z = 0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure

authors: Zhou, Yihao; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert; Ni, Yueying; Yang, Yanhui; Chen, Nianyi; Lachance, Patrick; Zhang, Xiaowen; Hafezianzadeh, Fatemeh;

2026ApJ...999...41Z

52. The Properties of Little Red Dot Galaxies in the ASTRID Simulation

authors: LaChance, Patrick; Croft, Rupert A. C.; Matteo, Tiziana Di; Zhou, Yihao; Pacucci, Fabio; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Bird, Simeon;

2026OJAp....955493L

51. CAMELS Environments: The Impact of Local Neighbours on Galaxy Evolution across the SIMBA, IllustrisTNG, ASTRID, and Swift-EAGLE Simulations

authors: Sims, Xavier; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Oh, Boon-Kiat; Nagai, Daisuke; Mercedes-Feliz, Jonathan; Medlock, Isabel; Ni, Yueying; Lovell, Christopher C.; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2026arXiv260106290S

50. Galaxy Phase-Space and Field-Level Cosmology: The Strength of Semi-Analytic Models

authors: de Santi, Natalí S. M.; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Araya-Araya, Pablo; De Lucia, Gabriella; Fontanot, Fabio; Perez, Lucia A.; Arnés-Curto, Manuel; Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta; Chandro-Gómez, Ángel; Somerville, Rachel S.; Castro, Tiago;

2025arXiv251210222D

49. Connecting current and future dual AGN searches to LISA and PTA gravitational wave detections

authors: Chen, Nianyi; Zhou, Yihao; Dadiani, Ekaterine; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Wang, Cici; Palmese, Antonella; Shen, Yue; Li, Junyao; Foord, Adi; Bird, Simeon; Ni, Yueying; Yang, Yanhui; Croft, Rupert;

2025arXiv251216844C

48. From ASTRID to BRAHMA -- The role of overmassive black holes in little red dots in cosmological simulations

authors: LaChance, Patrick; Bhowmick, Aklant Kumar; Croft, Rupert A. C.; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Zhou, Yihao; Pacucci, Fabio; Blecha, Laura; Torrey, Paul; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Bird, Simeon;

2025arXiv251213957L

47. How Does Feedback Affect the Star Formation Histories of Galaxies?

authors: Iyer, Kartheik G.; Starkenburg, Tjitske K.; Bryan, Greg L.; Somerville, Rachel S.; Alfonzo, Juan Pablo; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Cooray, Suchetha; Davé, Romeel; Gabrielpillai, Austen; Genel, Shy; Hassan, Sultan; Hernquist, Lars; Jespersen, Christian Kragh; Lovell, Christopher C.; Oh, Boon Kiat; Pacifici, Camilla; Perez, Lucia A.; Sommovigo, Laura; Speagle, Joshua S.; Tacchella, Sandro; Tillman, Megan T.; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Wu, John F.;

2025ApJ...994..174I

46. Learning the Universe: cosmological and astrophysical parameter inference with galaxy luminosity functions and colours

authors: Lovell, Christopher C.; Starkenburg, Tjitske; Ho, Matthew; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Davé, Romeel; Gabrielpillai, Austen; Iyer, Kartheik G.; Matthews, Alice E.; Roper, William J.; Somerville, Rachel S.; Sommovigo, Laura; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2025MNRAS.544.3949L

45. Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Mergers in ASTRID: Predictions for LISA

authors: Wang, Bonny Y.; Zhou, Yihao; Chen, William; Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Croft, Rupert; Bird, Simeon; Ni, Yueying;

2025ApJ...993..199W

44. High-redshift millennium and astrid galaxies in effective field theory at the field level

authors: Sullivan, James M.; Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina; Ivanov, Mikhail M.; Ni, Yueying; Bose, Sownak; Hadzhiyska, Boryana; Hernández-Aguayo, César; Hernquist, Lars; Kannan, Rahul;

2025PhRvD.112h3521S

43. The Gravitational-wave Background from Massive Black Holes in the ASTRID Simulation

authors: Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Zhou, Yihao; Kelley, Luke Zoltan; Blecha, Laura; Ni, Yueying; Bird, Simeon; Yang, Yanhui; Croft, Rupert;

2025ApJ...991L..19C

42. Toward Robustness across Cosmological Simulation Models ILLUSTRISTNG, SIMBA, ASTRID, and SWIFT-EAGLE

authors: Jo, Yongseok; Genel, Shy; Sengupta, Anirvan; Wandelt, Benjamin; Somerville, Rachel; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2025ApJ...991..120J

41. The Astrid Simulation: Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies to z = 0.5 and Different Evolution Pathways for Galaxy Quenching

authors: Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Zhou, Yihao; Park, Minjung; Yang, Yanhui; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert;

2025ApJ...990..120N

40. Stellar Mass─Dispersion Measure Correlations Constrain Baryonic Feedback in Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxies

authors: Leung, Calvin; Simha, Sunil; Medlock, Isabel; Nagai, Daisuke; Masui, Kiyoshi W.; Kahinga, Lordrick A.; Lanman, Adam E.; Andrew, Shion; Bandura, Kevin; Curtin, Alice P.; Gaensler, B. M.; Gusinskaia, Nina; Joseph, Ronniy C.; Lazda, Mattias; Mas-Ribas, Lluis; Meyers, Bradley W.; Nimmo, Kenzie; Pearlman, Aaron B.; Prochaska, J. Xavier; Sammons, Mawson W.; Shin, Kaitlyn; Smith, Kendrick; Wang, Haochen; Chime/Frb Collaboration;

2025ApJ...991L..25L

39. syren-baryon: Analytic emulators for the impact of baryons on the matter power spectrum

authors: Kammerer, Lukas; Bartlett, Deaglan J.; Kronberger, Gabriel; Desmond, Harry; Ferreira, Pedro G.;

2025A&A...701A.284K

38. Central Cluster Galaxies: A Hot Spot for Detectable Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Mergers

authors: Zhou, Yihao; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Chen, Nianyi; Kelley, Luke Zoltan; Blecha, Laura; Ni, Yueying; Bird, Simeon; Yang, Yanhui; Croft, Rupert;

2025ApJ...988L..74Z

37. Large-scale surveys of the quasar proximity effect

authors: Croft, Rupert; Shaw, Patrick; Alexis, Ann-Marsha; Chen, Nianyi; Zhou, Yihao; Matteo, Tiziana Di; Bird, Simeon; Lachance, Patrick; Ni, Yueying;

2025OJAp....8E.124C

36. A Hydrodynamical Simulations-based Model that Connects the FRB DM─Redshift Relation to Suppression of the Matter Power Spectrum via Feedback

authors: Sharma, Kritti; Krause, Elisabeth; Ravi, Vikram; Reischke, Robert; R. S., Pranjal; Connor, Liam;

2025ApJ...989...81S

35. On the Effects of Parameters on Galaxy Properties in CAMELS and the Predictability of Ω<SUB>m</SUB>

authors: Contardo, Gabriella; Trotta, Roberto; Di Gioia, Serafina; Hogg, David W.; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2025ApJ...988...54C

34. Active Galactic Nuclei and Host Galaxies in COSMOS-Web. II. First Look At the Kiloparsec-scale Dual and Offset AGN Population

authors: Li, Junyao; Zhuang, Ming-Yang; Shen, Yue; Volonteri, Marta; Chen, Nianyi; Matteo, Tiziana Di;

2025ApJ...986..101L

33. The Redshift Evolution of the M<SUB>BH</SUB>─M<SUB>*</SUB> Scaling Relation: New Insights from Cosmological Simulations and Semianalytic Models

authors: Dattathri, Shashank; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Porras-Valverde, Antonio J.; Burke, Colin J.; Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Ni, Yueying;

2025ApJ...984..122D

32. X-Raying CAMELS: Constraining Baryonic Feedback in the Circumgalactic Medium with the CAMELS Simulations and eRASS X-Ray Observations

authors: Lau, Erwin T.; Nagai, Daisuke; Bogdán, Ákos; Medlock, Isabel; Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.; Battaglia, Nicholas; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Genel, Shy; Ni, Yueying; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2025ApJ...984..190L

31. Constraining Baryonic Feedback Effects on the Matter Power Spectrum with Fast Radio Bursts

authors: Medlock, Isabel; Nagai, Daisuke; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Gebhardt, Matthew;

2025ApJ...983...46M

30. MAGICS. II. Seed Black Holes Stripped of Their Surrounding Stars Do Not Sink

authors: Zhou, Yihao; Mukherjee, Diptajyoti; Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Johansson, Peter H.; Rantala, Antti; Partmann, Christian; Di Carlo, Ugo Niccolò; Bird, Simeon; Ni, Yueying;

2025ApJ...980...79Z

29. Discrepancies between JWST Observations and Simulations of Quenched Massive Galaxies at z &gt; 3: A Comparative Study with IllustrisTNG and ASTRID

authors: Weller, Emma Jane; Pacucci, Fabio; Ni, Yueying; Hernquist, Lars; Park, Minjung;

2025ApJ...979..181W

28. The evolution of galaxy morphology from redshift z=6 to 3: Mock JWST observations of galaxies in the ASTRID simulation

authors: LaChance, Patrick; Croft, Rupert; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Matteo, Tiziana Di; Bird, Simeon;

2025OJAp....8E..20L

27. Lightcurves of Eight Asteroids

authors: Dose, E. V.;

2025MPBu...52...27D

26. The Millennium and Astrid galaxies in effective field theory: comparison with galaxy-halo connection models at the field level

authors: Ivanov, Mikhail M.; Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina; Obuljen, Andrej; Toomey, Michael W.; Ni, Yueying; Bose, Sownak; Hadzhiyska, Boryana; Hernández-Aguayo, César; Hernquist, Lars; Kannan, Rahul; Springel, Volker;

2024arXiv241201888I

25. Astrometric Jitter as a Detection Diagnostic for Recoiling and Slingshot Supermassive Black Hole Candidates

authors: Uppal, Anavi; Ward, Charlotte; Gezari, Suvi; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Chen, Nianyi; LaChance, Patrick; Di Matteo, Tiziana;

2024ApJ...975..286U

24. z ∼ 2 dual AGN host galaxies are disky: stellar kinematics in the ASTRID Simulation

authors: Dadiani, Ekaterine; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Chen, Nianyi; Lachance, Patrick; Chen, Yu-Ching; Shen, Yue; Croft, Rupert; Ni, Yueying; Bird, Simeon;

2024OJAp....7E..84D

23. Probing the Circumgalactic Medium with Fast Radio Bursts: Insights from CAMELS

authors: Medlock, Isabel; Nagai, Daisuke; Singh, Priyanka; Oppenheimer, Benjamin; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco;

2024ApJ...967...32M

22. MAGICS I. The First Few Orbits Encode the Fate of Seed Massive Black Hole Pairs

authors: Chen, Nianyi; Mukherjee, Diptajyoti; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Ni, Yueying; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert;

2024OJAp....7E..28C

21. Cosmological baryon spread and impact on matter clustering in CAMELS

authors: Gebhardt, Matthew; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Borrow, Josh; Genel, Shy; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Ni, Yueying; Lovell, Christopher C.; Nagai, Daisuke; Davé, Romeel; Marinacci, Federico; Vogelsberger, Mark; Hernquist, Lars;

2024MNRAS.529.4896G

20. High-redshift supermassive black hole mergers in simulations with dynamical friction modelling

authors: DeGraf, Colin; Chen, Nianyi; Ni, Yueying; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Bird, Simeon; Tremmel, Michael; Croft, Rupert;

2024MNRAS.52711766D

19. An observationally driven multifield approach for probing the circum-galactic medium with convolutional neural networks

authors: Gluck, Naomi; Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.; Nagai, Daisuke; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel;

2024MNRAS.52710038G

18. LATIS: Constraints on the Galaxy-Halo Connection at z 2.5 from Galaxy-Galaxy and Galaxy-Lyα Clustering

authors: Newman, Andrew B.; Qezlou, Mahdi; Chartab, Nima; Rudie, Gwen C.; Blanc, Guillermo A.; Bird, Simeon; Benson, Andrew J.; Kelson, Daniel D.; Lemaux, Brian C.;

2024ApJ...961...27N

17. The CAMELS Project: Expanding the Galaxy Formation Model Space with New ASTRID and 28-parameter TNG and SIMBA Suites

authors: Ni, Yueying; Genel, Shy; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Jo, Yongseok; Bird, Simeon; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Croft, Rupert; Chen, Nianyi; de Santi, Natalí S. M.; Gebhardt, Matthew; Shao, Helen; Pandey, Shivam; Hernquist, Lars; Dave, Romeel;

2023ApJ...959..136N

16. CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations - I. Constraining physical processes in local star-forming galaxies

authors: Busillo, V.; Tortora, C.; Napolitano, N. R.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; Covone, G.; Gentile, F.; Hunt., L. K.;

2023MNRAS.525.6191B

15. Computationally efficient reionization in a large hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulation

authors: Davies, James E.; Bird, Simeon; Mutch, Simon; Ni, Yueying; Feng, Yu; Croft, Rupert; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Wyithe, J. Stuart B.;

2023MNRAS.525.2553D

14. A vast population of wandering and merging IMBHs at cosmic noon

authors: Di Matteo, Tiziana; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Croft, Rupert; Bird, Simeon; Pacucci, Fabio; Ricarte, Angelo; Tremmel, Michael;

2023MNRAS.525.1479D

13. A Universal Equation to Predict Ω<SUB>m</SUB> from Halo and Galaxy Catalogs

authors: Shao, Helen; de Santi, Natalí S. M.; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Teyssier, Romain; Ni, Yueying; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Genel, Shy; Steinwandel, Ulrich P.; Hernández-Martínez, Elena; Dolag, Klaus; Lovell, Christopher C.; Garrison, Lehman H.; Visbal, Eli; Kulkarni, Mihir; Hernquist, Lars; Castro, Tiago; Vogelsberger, Mark;

2023ApJ...956..149S

12. PRIYA: a new suite of Lyman-α forest simulations for cosmology

authors: Bird, Simeon; Fernandez, Martin; Ho, Ming-Feng; Qezlou, Mahdi; Monadi, Reza; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Croft, Rupert; Di Matteo, Tiziana;

2023JCAP...10..037B

11. Flyby Galaxy Encounters with Multiple Black Holes Produce Star-forming Linear Features

authors: Chen, Nianyi; LaChance, Patrick; Ni, Yueying; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Croft, Rupert; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Bird, Simeon;

2023ApJ...954L...2C

10. Triple and quadruple black holes in the ASTRID simulation at z 2

authors: Hoffman, Calvin; Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Ni, Yueying; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert; Loeb, Abraham;

2023MNRAS.524.1987H

9. Cosmology with One Galaxy? The ASTRID Model and Robustness

authors: Echeverri-Rojas, Nicolas; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Chawak, Chaitanya; Ni, Yueying; Hahn, ChangHoon; Hernández-Martínez, Elena; Teyssier, Romain; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Dolag, Klaus; Castro, Tiago;

2023ApJ...954..125E

8. Robust Field-level Likelihood-free Inference with Galaxies

authors: de Santi, Natalí S. M.; Shao, Helen; Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Abramo, L. Raul; Teyssier, Romain; Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Ni, Yueying; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Genel, Shy; Hernández-Martínez, Elena; Steinwandel, Ulrich P.; Lovell, Christopher C.; Dolag, Klaus; Castro, Tiago; Vogelsberger, Mark;

2023ApJ...952...69D

7. Overmassive central black holes in the cosmological simulations ASTRID and Illustris TNG50

authors: Weller, Emma Jane; Pacucci, Fabio; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Di Matteo, Tiziana;

2023MNRAS.522.4963W

6. Properties and evolution of dual and offset AGN in the ASTRID simulation at z 2

authors: Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Ni, Yueying; Tremmel, Michael; DeGraf, Colin; Shen, Yue; Holgado, A. Miguel; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert; Feng, Yu;

2023MNRAS.522.1895C

5. Orbital and radiative properties of wandering intermediate-mass black holes in the ASTRID simulation

authors: Weller, Emma Jane; Pacucci, Fabio; Ni, Yueying; Chen, Nianyi; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Siwek, Magdalena; Hernquist, Lars;

2023MNRAS.520.3955W

4. Ultramassive Black Holes Formed by Triple Quasar Mergers at z 2

authors: Ni, Yueying; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Chen, Nianyi; Croft, Rupert; Bird, Simeon;

2022ApJ...940L..49N

3. Massive black hole mergers with orbital information: predictions from the ASTRID simulation

authors: Chen, Nianyi; Ni, Yueying; Holgado, A. Miguel; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Tremmel, Michael; DeGraf, Colin; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert; Feng, Yu;

2022MNRAS.514.2220C

2. The ASTRID simulation: the evolution of supermassive black holes

authors: Ni, Yueying; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Bird, Simeon; Croft, Rupert; Feng, Yu; Chen, Nianyi; Tremmel, Michael; DeGraf, Colin; Li, Yin;

2022MNRAS.513..670N

1. The ASTRID simulation: galaxy formation and reionization

authors: Bird, Simeon; Ni, Yueying; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Croft, Rupert; Feng, Yu; Chen, Nianyi;

2022MNRAS.512.3703B